Learning


 * LEARNING**
 * [[image:IP_Pavlov caption="IP Pavlov"]] || [[image:JB_Watson caption="JB Watson"]] || [[image:bf-skinner.jpg caption="BF Skinner"]] ||

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 * 1) [|Classical Conditioning Sideshow 1 >] Rigjht Click
 * 2) [[file:learning classical operant observational.ppt]] A summary of the basics and fundamentals
 * 3) [[file:operantCondDiagram.pdf]] Reinforcement versus Punishment - A chart of the distinctions Right Ckick
 * 4) [[file:Learning Review All.ppt]] Extensive review - 134 slides (Shared resource from Marden College)
 * 5) [[file:Learning Chapter 11 (St Michaels).ppt]] Key Ideas Text Chapter 11
 * 6) [[file:Operant Conditioning.ppt]] 23 Slides - Summary of key ideas
 * 7) [[file:Worksheet 1 Classical Operant Observational.doc]] Question s and Answers: Try to answer before reviewing the answers

__The behaviourist approach__ treated the brain as a black box - of course it did - it was established well before the enormous expansion in understanding of how the brain works. However, its principles (as theoretical constructs) remain important and indeed parallel changes in biochemistry at synpases has been found to support or underly these constructs. Learning (and evidence of learning, ie., memory) have been, and continue to be investigated, by looking into the black box with an array of contemporary biochemical, molecular, and imaging techniques ... this is the stuff of neuroscience and cognitive psychology ... to understand the mechansims that underly the objective descriptions of conditioning and observational learning and of consciousness itself. So what is behaviourism ...

==Behaviorism (with acknowledgment to http://www.funderstanding.com/content/behaviorism) == Behaviorism is a theory of animal and human learning that only focuses on objectively observable behaviors and discounts mental activities. Behavior theorists define learning as nothing more than the acquisition of new behavior. Experiments by behaviorists identify**conditioning**as a universal learning process. There are two different types of conditioning, each yielding a different behavioral pattern: There have been many criticisms of behaviorism, including the following: This theory is relatively simple to understand because it relies only on observable behavior and describes several universal laws of behavior. Its positive and negative reinforcement techniques can be very effective–both in animals, and in treatments for human disorders such as autism and antisocial behavior.
 * Definition**
 * Discussion**
 * 1) **Classic conditioning**occurs when a natural reflex responds to a stimulus. The most popular example is Pavlov’s observation that dogs salivate when they eat or even see food. Essentially, animals and people are biologically “wired” so that a certain stimulus will produce a specific response.
 * 2) **Behavioral**or**operant conditioning**occurs when a response to a stimulus is reinforced. Basically, operant conditioning is a simple feedback system: If a reward or reinforcement follows the response to a stimulus, then the response becomes more probable in the future. For example, leading behaviorist B.F. Skinner used reinforcement techniques to teach pigeons to dance and bowl a ball in a mini-alley.
 * 1) Behaviorism does not account for all kinds of learning, since it disregards the activities of the mind.
 * 2) Behaviorism does not explain some learning–such as the recognition of new language patterns by young children–for which there is no reinforcement mechanism.
 * 3) Research has shown that animals adapt their reinforced patterns to new information. For instance, a rat can shift its behavior to respond to changes in the layout of a maze it had previously mastered through reinforcements.
 * How Behaviorism Impacts Learning**


 * [[image:mouseafraid.gif]] || [[image:Reinforcement_chart.jpg width="702" height="419"]] ||

Assignment - Behaviour Modification